Greenlandic Winter Tradition

Mitaartut – The silent masked performances

In Greenland, the winter season is marked by unique traditions that have been passed down through generations. One of these customs is Mitaartut, which occurs around the time of Epiphany, celebrated on January 6th. This tradition is a blend of indigenous Inuit culture and Danish influence, offering a glimpse into Greenland’s rich heritage.

Mitaartut

The Silent Masked Performances

Mitaartut in Kuummiut. Photo by Debora Qatsa 3

Mitaartut in Kulusuk. Photo by Nukappi Boassen 1

Mitaartut in Kulusuk. Photo by Nukappi Boassen 2

Mitaartut in Kulusuk. Photo by Nukappi Boassen 4

Mitaartut in Kulusuk. Photo by Nukappi Boassen 7

Mitaartut in Kulusuk. Photo by Nukappi Boassen 5

Mitaartut in Kulusuk. Photo by Nukappi Boassen 6

Mitaartut in Kulusuk. Photo by Nukappi Boassen 3

Mitaartut in Qaanaaq. Photo by Dan Normand 2

Mitaartut in Qaanaaq. Photo by Dan Normand 3

Photos by Dan Normand from Qaanaaq, Debora Qatsa from Kuummiut, Nukappi Boassen from Kulusuk

Photos by Dan Normand from Qaanaaq,
Debora Qatsa from Kuummiut,
Nukappi Boassen from Kulusuk

Mitaartut are silent masked performances who visit families in many towns and settlements in Greenland shortly after New Year’s, typically on Epiphany, January 6th. These mysterious characters, known as “mitaartoq” in singular, knock on doors, enter homes, and communicate without words. Instead, they use humorous gestures and movements that correspond to their disguises. People often playfully tease and laugh at the funny things Mitaartut do, but these quiet actors stay true to their characters.

At the end of their visit, Mitaartut are rewarded with treats such as cakes, candy, and cigarettes. The custom’s name, “Mitaarneq,” translates to “cutting faces,” which refers to the practice of smearing soot on the face and distorting it with strings stretched from ear to ear when masks are not used. Participants also showcase a variety of imaginative costumes and masks, sometimes even mimicking famous artworks like Edvard Munch’s “The Scream.” The masks portray a mix of traditional scare spirits and contemporary themes, reflecting both cultural heritage and modern influences.

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Mitaartut vs Halloween

Mitaartut, the traditional masked custom in Greenland, shares some similarities with Halloween, but there are also significant differences. Here’s a comparison between the two:

Similarities:

Costumes and Masks: Both mitaartut and Halloween celebrants wear costumes and masks. These disguises are a central part of the celebrations in both traditions, allowing people to take on different personas for the occasion.

Visiting Houses: In both Greenlandic customs and Halloween, there’s a tradition of people visiting houses or going door-to-door. In Halloween, children go trick-or-treating, while in Greenland, mitaartut visit homes and receive treats.

Playful and Festive Atmosphere: Both Halloween and the Greenlandic customs are celebrated in a playful and festive atmosphere. Laughter, games, and entertainment are common elements of both traditions.

Differences:

Cultural and Historical Origins: Halloween has Celtic origins and has evolved over centuries, with influences from various cultures, including European and American traditions. In contrast, mitaarneq has it roots in indigenous Inuit culture in Greenland.

Themes: Halloween is often associated with themes of spooky and supernatural elements, including ghosts, witches, and monsters. In contrast, mitaartut does not have the same emphasis on scary or supernatural themes. Their masks and disguises are more diverse and may include humorous or traditional elements.

Purpose: Halloween is primarily a holiday for children to collect candy and treats, and it often includes decorations related to the holiday’s themes. In Greenland, mitaartut customs may involve more complex social interactions, and Greenlandic people serve different cultural and social purposes within the community.

Timing: While Halloween is celebrated on October 31st, mitaartut customs in Greenland are often associated with January 6th and the winter season.

In summary, while both Halloween and the Greenlandic mitaartut customs involve costumes, masks, and visiting homes, they have distinct cultural, historical, and thematic differences. Halloween has a broader and more commercialized appeal, while the Greenlandic traditions have deeper cultural roots within the Inuit communities of Greenland and have evolved differently over time.

Content provider

Birgitte Sonne

Former researcher of Inuit Culture
from University of Copenhagen

Editor